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NEW! Apoptosis Related Antibodies
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Apoptosis occurs via a death receptor-mediated extrinsic pathway or a mitochondrial dependent intrinsic pathway. Both pathways eventually result in the convergence of multiple signaling events at the mitochondria effecting changes in metabolic enzyme activity, morphology, and membrane potential, ultimately resulting in the release to the cytoplasm of mitochondrial apoptotic inducers such as cytochrome c. The mechanism of release, referred to as the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), of cytochrome c and other small molecules involved in death signaling remains an area of intense research. Glucose and ATP levels along with Bcl-2 family members, the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) in the outer membrane and the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) in the inner membrane have been proposed as regulators of MPT especially in cancer cells. The release from mitochondria of cytochrome c results in the rapid activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3 ultimately resulting in the demise of the cell.
| | EMD is your partner for Apoptosis related products. | | TOM (translocase outer mitrochondrial membrane) is a component of the multiunit complex protein involved in the recognition, unfolding, and translocation of preproteins into the mitochondria. The TOM70 receptor seems to be most critical for the import of hydrophobic preproteins.
NEW! Anti-TOM70 Rabbit pAb
Cat. No. AP1058
Detection of rat TOM70 (~70 kDa) by immunoblotting.
| | ANT (adenine nucleotide translocase) is a nuclear-encoded protein abundantly located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, catalyzing the exchange of mitochondrial ATP with cytosolic ADP. ANT is the major component of mitochondrial permeability-transition pore complex (PTPC) that interacts with Bcl2 proteins, thereby contributing to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. ANT2 is specifically expressed in undifferentiated cells/tissues that are able to proliferate and regenerate. The expression of ANT2 was recently found to be upregulated in several hormone-dependent cancers.
NEW! Anti-ANT2 Rabbit pAb
Cat. No. AP1057
Detection of human ANT2 (~30 kDa) by immunoblotting.
| | VDAC1 (voltage-dependent anion channel 1) forms a channel through the mitochondrial outer membrane. The VDAC1 protein is thought to form the major pores through which adenine nucleotides are transferred through the outer mitochondrial membrane.
NEW! Anti-VDAC1 Rabbit pAb
Cat. No. AP1059
Detection of human VDAC1 (~31 kDa) by immunoblotting.
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