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Nitric Oxide/Nitric Oxide Synthase Assays
 
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a hemoprotein that catalyzes the oxidation of L-arginine to nitric oxide and citrulline. The nitric oxide (•NO) produced is a short-lived, readily diffusable molecule of great biological importance. It plays a key role in signal transduction, neurotransmission, and host-defense mechanisms. It is capable of diffusing across the cell membrane and reacts with a variety of targets. Reaction of •NO with O2 in aqueous solutions produces the relatively unreactive nitrate and nitrite ions as products. However, •NO can rapidly react with superoxide to produce highly reactive peroxynitrite (ONOO–). Almost all biological effects of •NO are achieved either directly or through other reactive nitrogen intermediates.